Data Recording/Reproduction for Write-Once Discs

ABSTRACT

The recording method of the present invention includes the steps of: receiving a write instruction which specifies at least a logical sector in which data is to be written; determining whether the logical sector corresponds to a recorded physical sector or an unrecorded physical sector; when it is determined that the logical sector corresponds to an unrecorded physical sector, writing the data into the unrecorded physical sector, determining whether a verification of the data which has been written into a physical sector is successful, if the verification of the data that has been written is not successful, writing the data into an unrecorded physical sector, generating a remapping table including remapping information which remaps an original address of the physical sector corresponding to the logical sector to a remapping address of the selected physical sector, and writing the remapping table on the write-once disc.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a recording method and apparatus for awrite-once disc using a logical overwritable mechanism, a reproductionmethod and apparatus, and a semiconductor integrated circuit for use inthe recording apparatus or the reproduction apparatus.

BACKGROUND ART

File systems for optical discs have made advances through variousactivities to develop UDF (Universal Disk Format®) specificationspublished from OSTA (Optical Storage Technology Association).

For write-once discs, the recording method has improved frommulti-session recording to file-by-file recording using VAT (VirtualAllocation Table).

On the other hand, for rewritable discs, a volume and file structure hasimproved from the structure using non-sequential recording defined inECMA 167, which is the international standard, to the structure usingMetadata Partition specified in UDF Revision 2.5 (hereinafter UDF 2.5).The merits to use Metadata Partition are the improvement in theperformance to retrieve metadata, such as file entries/directories, andto increase the robustness from media damage.

However, Metadata Partition cannot be used for data appending usage on awrite-once disc. This is because it is not allowed in UDF 2.5 to useMetadata Partition with VAT, due to the difficulty to implement thiscombination.

Typically, it is also difficult to develop a new recording method for awrite-once disc. This comes from the physical characteristics such asthat the data written at once can not be overwritten, hence it would berequired to study from the several aspects, to be consistent withcomputer architecture, the possibility of implementation for driveapparatus, the restrictions due to the dedicated resource of consumerappliances, etc.

The present invention has been made in view of the above subjects andincludes an objective of providing the merits of Metadata Partition tothe data recording usage on a write-once disc.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

A recording method according to the present invention for writing dataon a write-once disc having a plurality of physical sectors, thewrite-once disc including a volume space having a plurality of logicalsectors, each of the plurality of logical sectors corresponding to oneof the plurality of physical sectors, includes: receiving a writeinstruction which specifies at least a logical sector in which data isto be written; determining whether the logical sector specified by thewrite instruction corresponds to a recorded physical sector or anunrecorded physical sector; when it is determined that the logicalsector specified by the write instruction corresponds to an unrecordedphysical sector, writing the data into the unrecorded physical sector,determining whether a verification of the data which has been writteninto a physical sector is successful, when it is determined that theverification of the data that has been written is not successful,writing the data into an unrecorded physical sector other than thephysical sector in which the verification of the written data is notsuccessful, the unrecorded physical sector being selected from theplurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logicalsectors in the volume space, generating a remapping table includingremapping information which remaps an original address of the physicalsector corresponding to the logical sector specified by the writeinstruction to a remapping address of the selected physical sector, andwriting the remapping table on the write-once disc; and when it isdetermined that the logical sector specified by the write instructioncorresponds to a recorded physical sector, writing the data into anunrecorded physical sector other than the recorded physical sector, theunrecorded physical sector being selected from the plurality of physicalsectors corresponding to the plurality of logical sectors in the volumespace, determining whether a verification of the data which has beenwritten into a physical sector is successful, when it is determined thatthe verification of the data that has been written is not successful,writing the data into an unrecorded physical sector other than thephysical sector in which the verification of the written data is notsuccessful, the unrecorded physical sector being selected from theplurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logicalsectors in the volume space, generating a remapping table includingremapping information which remaps an original address of the physicalsector corresponding to the logical sector specified by the writeinstruction to a remapping address of the selected physical sector, andwriting the remapping table on the write-once disc.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the data is writtensequentially in a track assigned on the write-once disc, the trackhaving a plurality of physical sectors, and the selected unrecordedphysical sector is a physical sector designated by a next writableaddress within a track.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includesthe steps of: receiving a query for the next writable address within atrack; and providing information indicating the next writable addresswithin a track in response to the query.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the remapping table isincluded in at least a part of a defect list which describes at leastone defective physical sector.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the defect list is writteninto an unrecorded physical sector corresponding to a logical sector inthe volume space.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includesthe step of allocating at least one of a border-in area and a border-outarea in the volume space, and wherein the defect list is written intothe at least one of the border-in area and the border-out area allocatedin the volume space.

According to another aspect of the present invention a recordingapparatus is provided for writing data on a write-once disc having aplurality of physical sectors, the write-once disc including a volumespace having a plurality of logical sectors, each of the plurality oflogical sectors corresponding to one of the plurality of physicalsectors, the recording apparatus including: a drive mechanism forperforming a recording operation for the write-once disc; and a drivecontrol section for controlling the drive mechanism; wherein: the drivecontrol section is operable to: receive a write instruction whichspecifies at least a logical sector in which data is to be written; anddetermine whether the logical sector specified by the write instructioncorresponds to a recorded physical sector or an unrecorded physicalsector; when it is determined that the logical sector specified by thewrite instruction corresponds to an unrecorded physical sector, thedrive control section controls the drive mechanism to, write the datainto the unrecorded physical sector, and determine whether averification of the data which has been written into a physical sectoris successful, when it is determined that the verification of the datathat has been written is not successful, the drive control sectioncontrols the drive mechanism to, write the data into an unrecordedphysical sector other than the physical sector in which the verificationof the written data is not successful, the unrecorded physical sectorbeing selected from the plurality of physical sectors corresponding tothe plurality of logical sectors in the volume space, generate aremapping table including remapping information which remaps an originaladdress of the physical sector corresponding to the logical sectorspecified by the write instruction to a remapping address of theselected physical sector, and write the remapping table on thewrite-once disc; and when it is determined that the logical sectorspecified by the write instruction corresponds to a recorded physicalsector, the drive control section controls the drive mechanism to writethe data into an unrecorded physical sector other than the recordedphysical sector, the unrecorded physical sector being selected from theplurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logicalsectors in the volume space, and determine whether a verification of thedata which has been written into a physical sector is successful, whenit is determined that the verification of the data that has been writtenis not successful, the drive control section controls the drivemechanism to, write the data into an unrecorded physical sector otherthan the physical sector in which the verification of the written datais not successful, the unrecorded physical sector being selected fromthe plurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality oflogical sectors in the volume space, generate a remapping tableincluding remapping information which remaps an original address of thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thewrite instruction to a remapping address of the selected physicalsector, and write the remapping table on the write-once disc.

According to another aspect of the present invention a semiconductorintegrated circuit is provided for use in a recording apparatus forwriting data on a write-once disc having a plurality of physicalsectors, the write-once disc including a volume space having a pluralityof logical sectors, each of the plurality of logical sectorscorresponding to one of the plurality of physical sectors, thesemiconductor integrated circuit is configured to control a drivemechanism for performing a recording operation for the write-once disc,the semiconductor integrated circuit is operable to: receive a writeinstruction which specifies at least a logical sector in which data isto be written; and determines whether the logical sector specified bythe write instruction corresponds to a recorded physical sector or anunrecorded physical sector; when it is determined that the logicalsector specified by the write instruction corresponds to an unrecordedphysical sector, the semiconductor integrated circuit controls the drivemechanism to; write the data into the unrecorded physical sector,determines whether a verification of the data which has been writteninto a physical sector is successful, when it is determined that theverification of the data that has been written is not successful, thesemiconductor integrated circuit controls the drive mechanism to; writethe data into an unrecorded physical sector other than the physicalsector in which the verification of the written data is not successful,the unrecorded physical sector being selected from the plurality ofphysical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logical sectors inthe volume space, generate a remapping table including remappinginformation which remaps an original address of the physical sectorcorresponding to the logical sector specified by the write instructionto a remapping address of the selected physical sector, and write theremapping table on the write-once disc; and when it is determined thatthe logical sector specified by the write instruction corresponds to arecorded physical sector, the semiconductor integrated circuit controlsthe drive mechanism to: write the data into an unrecorded physicalsector other than the recorded physical sector, the unrecorded physicalsector being selected from the plurality of physical sectorscorresponding to the plurality of logical sectors in the volume space,and determine whether a verification of the data which has been writteninto a physical sector is successful, when it is determined that theverification of the data that has been written is not successful, thesemiconductor integrated circuit controls the drive mechanism to: writethe data into an unrecorded physical sector other than the physicalsector in which the verification of the written data is not successful,the unrecorded physical sector being selected from the plurality ofphysical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logical sectors inthe volume space, generate a remapping table including remappinginformation which remaps an original address of the physical sectorcorresponding to the logical sector specified by the write instructionto a remapping address of the selected physical sector, and write theremapping table on the write-once disc.

According to another aspect of the present invention a recording methodfor writing data on a write-once disc having a plurality of physicalsectors, the write-once disc including a volume space having a pluralityof logical sectors, each of the plurality of logical sectorscorresponding to one of the plurality of physical sectors, the recordingmethod including the steps of: in response to a first write instructionwhich specifies at least a logical sector in which data is to bewritten, writing the data into the physical sector corresponding to thelogical sector specified by the first write instruction, determiningwhether a verification of the data which has been written into aphysical sector is successful, when it is determined that theverification of the data that has been written is not successful,writing the data into an unrecorded physical sector other than thephysical sector in which the verification of the written data is notsuccessful, the unrecorded physical sector being selected from theplurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logicalsectors in the volume space, generating a remapping table includingremapping information which remaps an original address of the physicalsector corresponding to the logical sector specified by the first writeinstruction to a remapping address of the selected physical sector, andwriting the remapping table on the write-once disc; and in response to asecond write instruction which specifies at least a logical sector inwhich data is to be written, writing the data into an unrecordedphysical sector other than the physical sector corresponding to thelogical sector specified by the second write instruction, the unrecordedphysical sector being selected from the plurality of physical sectorscorresponding to the plurality of logical sectors in the volume space,determining whether a verification of the data which has been writteninto a physical sector is successful, when it is determined that theverification of the data that has been written is not successful,writing the data into an unrecorded physical sector other than thephysical sector in which the verification of the written data is notsuccessful, the unrecorded physical sector being selected from theplurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logicalsectors in the volume space, generating a remapping table includingremapping information which remaps an original address of the physicalsector corresponding to the logical sector specified by the second writeinstruction to a remapping address of the selected physical sector, andwriting the remapping table on the write-once disc.

According to another aspect of the present invention a recordingapparatus is provided for writing data on a write-once disc having aplurality of physical sectors, the write-once disc including a volumespace having a plurality of logical sectors, each of the plurality oflogical sectors corresponding to one of the plurality of physicalsectors, the recording apparatus including: a drive mechanism forperforming a recording operation for the write-once disc; and a drivecontrol section for controlling the drive mechanism; wherein: the drivecontrol section is operable to: in response to a first write instructionwhich specifies at least a logical sector in which data is to bewritten, the drive control section controls the drive mechanism to,write the data into the physical sector corresponding to the logicalsector specified by the first write instruction, and determine whether averification of the data which has been written into a physical sectoris successful, when it is determined that the verification of the datathat has been written is not successful, the drive control sectioncontrols the drive mechanism to: write the data into an unrecordedphysical sector other than the physical sector in which the verificationof the written data is not successful, the unrecorded physical sectorbeing selected from the plurality of physical sectors corresponding tothe plurality of logical sectors in the volume space, generate aremapping table including remapping information which remaps an originaladdress of the physical sector corresponding to the logical sectorspecified by the first write instruction to a remapping address of theselected physical sector, and write the remapping table on thewrite-once disc; and in response to a second write instruction whichspecifies at least a logical sector in which data is to be written, thedrive control section controls the drive mechanism to: write the datainto an unrecorded physical sector other than the physical sectorcorresponding to the logical sector specified by the second writeinstruction, the unrecorded physical sector being selected from theplurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logicalsectors in the volume space, and determine whether a verification of thedata which has been written into a physical sector is successful, whenit is determined that the verification of the data that has been writtenis not successful, the drive control section controls the drivemechanism to, write the data into an unrecorded physical sector otherthan the physical sector in which the verification of the written datais not successful, the unrecorded physical sector being selected fromthe plurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality oflogical sectors in the volume space, generate a remapping tableincluding remapping information which remaps an original address of thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thesecond write instruction to a remapping address of the selected physicalsector, and write the remapping table on the write-once disc.

According to another aspect of the present invention a semiconductorintegrated circuit is provided for use in a recording apparatus forwriting data on a write-once disc having a plurality of physicalsectors, the write-once disc including a volume space having a pluralityof logical sectors, each of the plurality of logical sectorscorresponding to one of the plurality of physical sectors, thesemiconductor integrated circuit is configured to control a drivemechanism for performing a recording operation for the write-once disc,the semiconductor integrated circuit is operable to: in response to afirst write instruction which specifies at least a logical sector inwhich data is to be written, the semiconductor integrated circuitcontrols the drive mechanism to: write the data into the physical sectorcorresponding to the logical sector specified by the first writeinstruction, and determine whether a verification of the data which hasbeen written into a physical sector is successful, when it is determinedthat the verification of the data that has been written is notsuccessful, the semiconductor integrated circuit controls the drivemechanism to: write the data into an unrecorded physical sector otherthan the physical sector in which the verification of the written datais not successful, the unrecorded physical sector being selected fromthe plurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality oflogical sectors in the volume space, generating a remapping tableincluding remapping information which remaps an original address of thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thefirst write instruction to a remapping address of the selected physicalsector, writing the remapping table on the write-once disc; in responseto a second write instruction which specifies at least a logical sectorin which data is to be written, the semiconductor integrated circuitcontrols the drive mechanism to, write the data into an unrecordedphysical sector other than the physical sector corresponding to thelogical sector specified by the second write instruction, the unrecordedphysical sector being selected from the plurality of physical sectorscorresponding to the plurality of logical sectors in the volume space,and determine whether a verification of the data which has been writteninto a physical sector is successful, when it is determined that theverification of the data that has been written is not successful, thesemiconductor integrated circuit controls the drive mechanism to: writethe data into an unrecorded physical sector other than the physicalsector in which the verification of the written data is not successful,the unrecorded physical sector being selected from the plurality ofphysical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logical sectors inthe volume space, generate a remapping table including remappinginformation which remaps an original address of the physical sectorcorresponding to the logical sector specified by the second writeinstruction to a remapping address of the selected physical sector, andwrite the remapping table on the write-once disc.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of areas when a file isrecorded.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of areas when a Data-Afile is recorded in a root directory of a disc having the state as shownin FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of areas when a Data-Afile is recorded in a root directory of a disc having a larger sparearea.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for recording a file.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an optical disc informationrecording/reproduction system.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating transfer of commands between a driveapparatus and a system controller.

FIGS. 7A-7D each comprise a diagram illustrating the blocks in a userdata area, when the data is remapped for a rewritable disc case andwrite-once disc case.

FIGS. 8A and 8B each comprise a diagram illustrating the blocks in auser data area, when the data is written to NWA.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the data structure of the remappingtable.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the blocks in a user data area,showing a mechanism to save the entry in a defect/remap list, when datais written into a defective block.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the blocks in a user data area,showing the mechanism to save the entry in the defect/remap list, whenthe data is logically overwritten into the logical block.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the blocks in a user data area,showing the mechanism to save the entry in the defect/remap list, whenthe defect/remap list is written in the volume space.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of areas to explain apseudo-overwrite method.

FIGS. 14A and 14B each comprise a flowchart illustrating a procedure towrite the data by an optical disc information recording/reproductionsystem.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an optical disc informationrecording/reproduction system that is a part of a consumer videorecorder or consumer video player.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure to write the data on awrite-once optical disc by the recording/reproduction system explainedin FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure to read the data from awrite-once optical disc by the recording/reproduction system explainedin FIGS. 5 and 15.

FIGS. 18A and 18B each comprise a diagram illustrating the area on thewrite-once disc, showing an operation by the drive apparatus to be inthe read-only drive readable state.

FIGS. 19A and 19B each comprise a diagram illustrating the area on thewrite-once disc, showing an operation by the drive apparatus to record aLead-in area and a Lead-out area.

FIGS. 20A and 20B each comprise a diagram illustrating the area on thewrite-once disc, showing an operation to record 2nd and 3rd AnchorVolume Descriptor Pointers.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

An overwritable function for a write-once disc performed by driveapparatus has been studied. However, it was difficult to put it inpractice, because the drive apparatus cannot know how much data will beoverwritten and where the data will be overwritten.

For example, the data to be overwritten is stored in the other locationas a write-once disc, and the information to specify the originallocation and the replacement location have to be handled in the driveapparatus. When the amount of overwritten data increases, it takes alonger time to search where it is replaced. Hence, such a driveapparatus could not read/write with enough performance due to its smallresources (e.g. CPU speed and memory).

It is believed the new file system should distinguish the data to beoverwritten and the data to be newly written, and the new file systemcan match with the drive apparatus which has an overwritable function.Then, the possibility to apply Metadata Partition for data appendingusage on a write-once disc, without using VAT is found.

The strategic importance of this idea includes; by having the devicehandle the overwriting of existing blocks, the file system does not needto implement the logic. This reduces the complexity of the file systemdriver.

In the following embodiments, the investigations based on this idea areshown in detail.

Embodiment 1

The amount of the overwritten data can be reduced by optimizing theprocedure in the file system. In this embodiment, the basic read/writeoperation is explained in accordance with the new recording method forthe drive apparatus with the overwritable function of a write-once disc.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described withreference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams showing a configuration of areas. FIG. 4 is aflowchart showing a procedure for recording a file. FIG. 1 shows thestate where a file has been recorded after a logical format operation.FIG. 2 shows the state where a Data-A file has been recorded in a rootdirectory on a disc having the state of FIG. 1.

Firstly, FIG. 1 will be described.

The data area includes the areas such as a Lead-in area, a volume spaceand a Lead-out area, (wherein the Lead-in area and the Lead-out area aremanaged by a physical layer). The physical sector is an addressable unitin the data area and the physical sector number is assigned in ascendingsequence to each physical sector. The volume space consists of logicalsectors and a logical sector number is assigned in ascending sequence toeach logical sector. Each logical sector corresponds to the physicalsector uniquely in advance. For example, the logical sector with alogical sector number 0 corresponds to the physical sector with physicalsector number 10000 and the start address of the volume space is storedin the Lead-in area.

The defect Management Area (DMA) is an area, in which informationindicating the correspondence between the address of a block to bereplaced and the address of a replaced block in a replacement operation,is recorded as a defect list.

Temporary DMA (TDMA) is an area, in which a temporary defect list isrecorded in an incremental write operation. When a disc is finalized toprohibit incremental write operations, a temporary defect list isregistered as a defect list in DMA. DMA is provided in two portions of adisc, i.e., at an inner portion and at an outer portion. Thus, a defectlist is recorded in different areas twice. In DMA, disc information,such as track information, positional information of a spare area, andthe like, are recorded.

The spare area is a replacement area, in which data is recorded by areplacement operation, which is equivalent to a linear replacementmethod. The spare area is assigned outside a volume space which ishandled by a file system. In this example, data has been recorded in aportion of the spare area. Addresses in the spare area are inherentlyspecified by using physical addresses. To simplify the explanation,relative addresses in the spare area are indicated by SA's (Spare areaAddress). Sectors on and after SA #m are in the unrecorded state.

In the present invention, the linear replacement algorithm which isgenerally used for defect management is applied to overwriting performedby the drive apparatus.

The volume space consists of three tracks. A track is an area in whichthe data is recorded sequentially from the beginning of the track on awrite-once disc. The end of recorded area in a track is managed by adrive apparatus. Track Status (Close and Open) indicates a status of atrack. “Close” indicates that all sectors in a track have been used fordata recording. “Open” indicates that there is a sector(s), which hasnot been used for data recording. In other words, data can beincrementally written into an open track.

(Volume Structure)

The volume and file structure complies with UDF 2.5. A volume structure,which is located at an area having a smaller logical sector number,includes Anchor Volume Descriptor Pointer, Volume Recognition Sequence,Volume Descriptor Sequence, and Logical Volume Integrity Sequence. Avolume structure, which is located at an area having a larger logicalsector number, includes Anchor Volume Descriptor Pointer and VolumeDescriptor Sequence. The Logical Volume Integrity Sequence, in which aLogical Volume Integrity Descriptor is recorded, is a part of a volumestructure. However, for convenience of explanation in this example, theLogical Volume Integrity Descriptor is explicitly described under thevolume structure. Since the volume structure has been previouslyrecorded, Tracks #1 and #3 are in the close state. The area described asTrack #2 is assigned as a partition specified by UDF. The Metadata fileis also called a Metadata partition. To distinguish it from the Metadatapartition, Track #2 area is called a physical partition. In the Metadatafile, an unused area is recorded in advance. Track #2 is an area forrecording file data. Therefore, an area following the recorded area isin the unrecorded state.

(File Structure)

Metadata Bitmap FE (Metadata Bitmap file File Entry) is a file entry fororganizing the areas allocated for a Metadata Bitmap. Metadata Bitmap isa bitmap for specifying available sectors which are ready for use in aMetadata file. Not only unrecorded areas, but also an area which becomesan unused area by deleting a file entry or a directory, are registeredin the bitmap as available areas. Metadata file FE (Metadata file FileEntry) is a file entry for organizing the areas allocated for a Metadatafile. In a Metadata file, file entries and directories are recorded. InUDF, a File Set Descriptor is also recorded, which is not shown in thefigure.

Root directory FE (root directory file entry) is a file entry fororganizing the areas allocated for the root directory. A root directoryFE is recorded in MA #i. A root directory is recorded in MA #i+1. Thoughnot shown, the root directory FE and the root directory are actuallystored physically in sectors in the spare area. Information indicatingwhich sector in the spare area replaces a root directory FE and a rootdirectory is recorded in TDMA. MA (Metadata file Address) indicates arelative address within a Metadata file. Since a file(s) have beenpreviously recorded, areas on and after MA #k are available.

(File Recording Procedure)

An exemplary procedure for recording a Data-A file onto the write-oncedisc of FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4.

In step S101, the Metadata Bitmap is read into a memory and is updatedin the memory to obtain a recording area in the Metadata file.

In step S102, a directory, under which a file is to be registered, isread into the memory, and is updated in the memory. In this example, theroot directory is read out, and the Data-A file is registered.

In step S103, the file entry of the directory is read into the memory,and information (e.g., size and update time, etc.) of the directory isupdated.

In step S104, the Data-A file data is recorded from the beginning of theunrecorded area in Track #2.

In step S105, in order to register the positional information of therecorded data, the file entry of the file is generated in the memory.

In step S106, the data updated or generated in the memory is recorded.In the example of FIG. 2, a drive apparatus is instructed to record theMetadata Bitmap file in the same place. Since the specified area is analready-recorded area, the drive apparatus records data at SA #m, whichis the beginning of the unrecorded area in the spare area. It isinstructed that the root directory is recorded at MA #k. Therefore, theroot directory recorded at MA #i+1 becomes invalid, and the sector at MA#i+1 becomes an available sector in a logical space. Even if it isinstructed that data is recorded into an available area in the Metadatafile, the data cannot be recorded into the area, since the all area inthe Metadata file is already recorded in advance. Therefore, the data ofthe root directory is recorded into SA #m+1 in the spare area by areplacement operation.

The replacement operation is a pseudo-overwrite operation of the presentinvention. As used herein, the term “pseudo-overwrite operation” refersto a logical overwrite operation, in which the mechanism of areplacement operation is used to write the data into the unrecorded areain response to an instruction to write the data into an already recordedarea.

It is instructed that the file entry of the root directory is writteninto MA #i. In this case, MA #i is an already-recorded area. Therefore,the data is stored into SA #m+2 in the spare area by a pseudo-overwriteoperation. It is instructed that the file entry of the Data-A file iswritten into MA #k+1. The data is stored into SA #m+3 by apseudo-overwrite operation.

In step S107, it is instructed that the Logical Volume IntegrityDescriptor is updated to indicate the integrity state of the filestructure. The data is stored into SA #m+4 by a pseudo-overwriteoperation.

FIG. 5 shows an optical disc information recording/reproduction system500 according to the present invention. The informationrecording/reproduction system 500 includes a system controller 510, adrive apparatus 520 for reading and writing information from and onto anoptical disc, and an input/output bus 530.

Between the system controller 510 and the drive apparatus 520,instructions and responses using a command set and transfer of theread/write data are performed through the input/output bus 530.

The system controller 510 includes a controller 511 and a memory 512.The system controller 510 may be a personal computer. The controller 511may be, for example, a semiconductor integrated circuit such as a CPU(Central Processing Unit) and performs the method described in theembodiments of the present inventions.

Further, a program for causing the controller 511 to perform the methoddescribed in the embodiments is stored in the memory 512. In thecontroller 511, a file system, a utility program, or a device driver maybe performed.

The drive apparatus 520 includes a system LSI 521, a memory 522 and adrive mechanism 523. A program for causing the system LSI 521 to performthe method described in the embodiments of the present inventions may bestored in the memory 522. The system LSI 521 may be formed on asemiconductor chip and may include a micro processor.

The drive mechanism 523 includes a mechanism for loading an opticaldisc, a pickup 524 for writing/reading the data from/onto a disc, atraverse mechanism for moving the pickup 524. The drive mechanism 523 iscontrolled by the system LSI 521.

As explained above, the data of a file can be recorded without beingoverwritten, some of metadata can be recorded using pseudo-overwrite.Typically, the size of metadata needed to update a file is smaller thanthe data size of the file, and then the size of data to be overwrittencan be reduced. The size of a file entry is 2048 bytes, and the size ofa directory depends on the number of files and the length of the filename. As an example, if each file name is 12 characters and 39 files arerecorded in the directory, the directory information can be recordedwithin a sector of 2048 bytes. Therefore, the read/write operation canbe realized basically for a write-once disc by combining the newrecording method and the drive apparatus with the overwritten function.

Embodiment 2

This embodiment describes a further recording method to write a fileonto a write-once disc on which the state is explained in embodiment 1as FIG. 2.

In FIG. 2, the unrecorded area is only 2 sectors of SA #m+5 and #m+6,therefore, if the Metadata Bitmap and the root directory are written inthe spare area, a file entry of the root directory, and a file entry ofthe file can not be written any more. Thus, an additional file can notbe recorded, even if the Metadata Bitmap indicates available areas inthe Metadata file, because the unrecorded area in the spare area is usedup.

So, hereinafter a recording method to record the file with checking thesize of unrecorded areas in the spare area is described.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of areas on the disc onwhich the same data as shown in FIG. 2 is written. In FIG. 3, as a sparearea with the larger size has been provided by a logical formattingoperation, the spare area has a larger unrecorded area than that of FIG.2.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating data transfer with commands between adrive apparatus and a system controller. Specific commands can beapplied to standards defined by ANSI (American National StandardsInstitute) or Multi-Media Command Set Standards defined by the INCITS(Inter National Committee for Information Technology Standards) T10.

Steps S601, S603, S605, and S607 indicate procedures performed by thesystem controller. Steps S602, S604, S606, and S608 indicate proceduresof the drive apparatus.

In step S601, the type of a medium loaded into the drive apparatus isrequested from the system controller and the system controllerrecognizes the media is the write-once pseudo-overwritable disc andrecognizes that the drive apparatus supports the pseudo-overwritefunction.

In step S602, the drive apparatus reads out information of the type ofthe loaded disc. The drive apparatus also determines whether or not thepseudo-overwrite function is supported with respect to the disc. Thedrive apparatus informs the system controller of these pieces ofinformation.

In step S603, by requesting the track information of a write-once disc,the system controller obtains the information from the drive apparatus.Specifically, the size of an unrecorded area in Track #2, and the nextwritable address in the track or the last recorded address in the trackare requested. In order to write the data of the file, it is necessaryto get the above-described information in advance, and it is checkedwhether or not the unrecorded area has a prescribed size or more. Sincein Track #2 additional Metadata file may be allocated, for example, theprescribed size may be 128 MB for the disc of a whole capacity with 23GB. If the size of the unrecorded area is less than the prescribed size,the disc is used as a read-only disc. If the size is equal to or greaterthan a prescribed size, the procedure goes to the next step. The size ofa file entry is 2 KB. When only file entries are recorded in anavailable area of 128 MB, file entries corresponding to 65,536 files atmost can be recorded.

In step S604, the drive apparatus reads the information related with thenumber of tracks, the positional information and the open/close state ofeach track, or the last recorded address information, from the lead-inarea, DMA, or TDMA of the loaded disc. The system controller is informedof these pieces of information.

In step S605, the drive apparatus is instructed to read the MetadataBitmap area. As a result, the system controller obtains the MetadataBitmap, and it is checked whether or not there are available sectors.When there are available sectors, the procedure goes to the next step.When there are no available sectors, an additional area for a Metadatafile is assigned in the unrecorded area of Track #2 to reserve theavailable sectors. In this checking, the system controller may determinewhether the additional area for a Metadata file is reserved or not, byusing the prescribed size for the available sectors, for example, theprescribed size may be 128 KB.

In step S606, the drive apparatus reads data from the specified area,and transfers the data to the system controller.

In step S607, by requesting spare area information to the driveapparatus, the system controller obtains the information and checkswhether or not there is an unrecorded area in the spare area having aprescribed size or more.

For example, when the size of the unrecorded area is equal to or greaterthan 8 MB, the disc is usable as a recordable disc. When the size isless than 8 MB, the disc is used as a read-only disc. The spare area isused not only for pseudo-overwrite, but also for defect management.Therefore, an additional unrecorded area is needed to recover defectivesectors on the disc.

In step S608, the drive apparatus reads the number of spare areas, thesize of spare areas, and the size of an unrecorded area in each sparearea, from the lead-in area, DMA, or TDMA of the loaded disc. The systemcontroller is informed of these pieces of information.

As described above, the data is recorded in the unrecorded area in thespare area by pseudo-overwrite or defect management. The write-once discdrive apparatus of the present invention has a function to send the freearea information as well as the type information of a medium to a systemcontroller, because the drive apparatus stores the data at some locationwhich may be different from the location the file system expects. Byrequesting this free area information whenever a file is recorded, thesystem controller decides whether the file can be recorded or not, as aresult, the system controller can record a file correctly with therelated data in the Metadata file.

Embodiment 3

In the previous embodiment 2, the spare area with sufficient size has tobe assigned at the time of formatting on a write-once disc. However, auser cannot know how many files and the size of the files that will berecorded on the disc, therefore, it is difficult to decide theappropriate size of the spare area at the time of formatting. If all ofthe spare area is used, no file can be recorded on the disc, even if theunrecorded area remains in the user data area. On the other hand, if alarger spare area is assigned, after all of the user data area is used,unrecorded area may remain in the spare area.

Further, a file system driver has to check the size of the unrecordedarea in the spare area each time when a file is recorded, hence thespace management becomes difficult to implement. This is not suitablefor the implementation of file system driver of computer systems.

So, hereinafter a recording method in which the direction to replace thedata not only within the spare area but also within the user data areais explained.

At first, an idea of the present invention is described:

Devices handle the overwriting of existing data by writing the new datato the next writable block and creating an entry in a remapping tablestored by the drive apparatus. The file system continues to use the samelogical block number, and the drive apparatus remaps the request to thenew location based on the entry in the table. In order to reduce thesize of this table, the file system does not reuse blocks after they arefreed. That is, the file system has to be aware that it is usingwrite-once media, and adjust its behavior accordingly.

The device uses the normal volume space to store the remapped data. Thatis, it is writing to the next writable location within the same trackthat the original block exists. The file system queries the device forthe next writable block whenever it needs to allocate new space. So boththe file system and the device are sharing the same space for writes.

Secondly, the effectiveness of the above idea is described using FIGS.7A-7D, 8A-8B and 9:

FIGS. 7A-7D and 8A-8B show the blocks in a user data area. Herein, theblock is used rather than the sector to explain the idea generally. Theuser data area is recognized as a volume space by the file system. Foreach block, a Physical Block Address (hereafter described as PBA) and aLogical Block Address (hereafter described as LBA) are assigned so thatthe correspondence between PBA and LBA are decided in advance, whereinas an example, PBA is assigned from the number 100 and LBA is assignedfrom the number 0.

FIG. 9 shows the data structure of the remapping table stored by thedrive apparatus. The table has entries, each of which specify theoriginal address and remapping address. This data structure may be thecommon data structure with the defect list which is used for defectmanagement for rewritable discs.

Typically, it had seemed that the above idea was not effective, becausethere are contradictions when applied for rewritable discs.

As shown in FIG. 7A, a rewritable disc has a spare area, in which a PBAis assigned from the number 200, for example. In a usual case for arewritable disc, if the data are written to the blocks of LBA 2 and 5and these blocks are defective, these data are stored into the blocksPBA 200 and 201 in the spare area using a linear replacement algorithm.This means LBA 2 and 5 is re-assigned to PBA 200 and 201. Thus, whensome block in the volume space becomes an unusable block due to defect,it is compensated with a good block in the spare area.

If the above idea would be applied to a rewritable disc, as shown inFIG. 7B, the data to write LBA 2 and 5 are stored into the blocks in auser data area, for example, PBA 103 and 107. However, these remappedblocks of PBA 103 and 107 cannot be used to store the data requested toLBA 3 and 7, as these blocks are replaced as LBA 2 and 5. This situationbreaks the assumption to provide a defect free logical space, in whichthe assumption that the data capacity on the rewritable disc shall notbe reduced, when any data is recorded by the file system. Further, inthis situation, the drive apparatus could not decide the location toremap the data, because the file system may write the data randomly andonly the file system handles the space bitmap which specifies theavailable area for recording.

As explained in embodiment 1, the linear replacement algorithm can alsobe applied to write-once discs. As shown in FIG. 7C, the spare area isassigned for the write-once disc in advance. If the block is overwrittenor can not be written due to a defect, the block is compensated with theblock in the spare area. As examples, when the data D1 is written to LBA2, if the block is defective, the block is compensated with the block ofPBA 200. When LBA 5 is written by the data D2, even if the PBA 105 isalready recorded, the data is stored into PBA 201.

It is supposed that a block to be overwritten and a defective blockshould be compensated with another block which belongs to outside of thevolume space. This idea seems to be a contradiction not only forrewritable discs, but also for write-once discs.

However, according to the present invention, write-once discs may notguarantee to provide defect free logical space like rewritable discs,because if a block on a write-once disc is written once, it is notpossible to change the data in the block. And the new file system forwrite-once discs would write the data using sequential recording. Onthis point, this idea is effective for a write-once disc as shown inFIG. 7D. The data D1, D2 and D3 are written to LBA 0, 1 and 2,sequentially, at this time if the block PBA 102 is defective, then thedata may be written to the next block PBA 103. Further, the data D4, D5and D6 are written to LBA 4, 5 and 6, sequentially, and then the updateddata D5′ may be overwritten to LBA 5. On this overwrite, the data isstored into the block PBA 107 which is the next writable location. Thus,this idea does not require changing the assignment of a logical blocknumber, because whenever the overwritten is needed, the data can bewritten to next writable location until the user data area is used up.In case of a rewritable disc, the data can not be recorded into theblock used for remapping, but there is no problem for the presentinvention of a write-once disc. For example, the data may be recordedfurther into the block of LBA 7. In this case, the data is stored in PBA108 and the entry to specify this remapping from the original address ofPBA 107 to the remapping address of PBA 108 is added in the remappingtable.

As explained above, according to the present invention, even if theLogical Block Address is double booking, the drive apparatus can recordthe data by assigning a new Physical Block Address to NWA.

Another important point to be practical to the above idea is to save theentries stored in the remapping table by querying the next writableaddress from the file system to the drive apparatus. FIGS. 8A and 8Bshow the mechanism to reduce the size of the table. In this figure,blocks PBA 100 to 105 are recorded in advance. As shown in FIG. 8A, whenthe data D1 is written to LBA 1, the data is stored in next writablelocation PBA 106 and one entry is added to specify PBA 101 is remappedto PBA 106. At this moment, the file system does not know where the datais remapped. If file system instructs to write the new data D2 to theprevious next writable location LBA 6, the data is stored to the nextblock PBA 107 and one entry is added. In the present invention, the filesystem checks the updated next writable address before any data isrecorded barring overwrite, and instruct to write the data at theupdated next writable address, of which is LBA 7 in FIG. 8B. Thus, anadditional entry is not needed. The file system will not also reallocatethe data to the deleted file area, barring the requirement to overwritefor the same reason.

Thirdly, it is described that the above mentioned idea is commonlyapplicable for defect management, logical overwrite and storing a listrelated to defect remapping. In this embodiment, the list, in which theremapping information due to the defect management and the logicaloverwrite is stored, is called the “defect/remap list.” In the case ofconventional write-once media such as CD-R, DVD-R and DVD+R, there is noarea to store the defect/remap list and no spare area. However, thepresent invention can apply to these media, as the defect/remap list canbe written within the volume space, and the data to be replaced due to adefective sector can be remapped within the volume space. This providesbenefits for users, as the user may not be aware of the defects on thedisc, and further, the user can use a drag-and-drop technique or thelike to copy files on the disc, like an overwritable disc.

FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 show a part of the area in a user data area. In thevolume space as a logical space, each logical block has a Logical BlockAddress (LBA). Corresponding to the logical space, in the user data areaas a physical space, each physical block has a Physical Block Address(PBA). In this example, LBA 0 corresponds to PBA 100. The data can becached temporary in a memory in the drive apparatus, before the data iswritten into the physical block. Before the write instructions shown inthese figures are issued, the NWA is PBA 110.

FIG. 10 shows a mechanism to save the entry in the defect/remap list,when the data is written into the defective block. The file systeminstructs the drive apparatus to write the data A, B and C into LBA 10,11 and 12, respectively. In this example, the block of PBA 110 is adefective block. The defective block is found during the verificationoperation, in which the data is read out after being written. The data Ato be written into LBA 10 is stored in the cache until the other data isverified. After that, the data A is written into the NWA at PBA 113 andthe entry to indicate the remapping information from PBA 110 to PBA 113is created. Thus, the drive apparatus can save the additional entry byusing the cache. If the data A is not cached, the data A, B and C arewritten into PBA 111, 112 and 113 by the pseudo-overwrite operation.Even if the data D is instructed to write into LBA 13, the data can bewritten logically to the logical block, as the data can be written tothe next block and remapped by creating the entry which indicates PBA113 is remapped to PBA 114. If the drive apparatus is instructed towrite data E into the NWA at LBA 15, the data E is written to thecorresponding physical block at PBA 115 without creating an additionalentry in the defect/remap list.

FIG. 11 shows the mechanism to save the entry in the defect/remap list,when the data is logically overwritten into the logical block. At first,the file system instructs the drive apparatus to write the data A intoLBA 10, and then instructs the drive apparatus to write the data A′, Band C into LBA 10, 11 and 12, respectively. The data A′ to be writteninto LBA 10 is stored in the cache until the other data is written andverified. After that, the data A′ is written into the NWA at PBA 113,and the entry to indicate the remapping information from PBA 110 to PBA113 is created. The file system may instruct the drive apparatus towrite data D into LBA 13, and the data can be written to PBA 114 byusing the pseudo-overwrite operation. If the drive apparatus isinstructed to write data E to the NWA at LBA 15, the data is written tothe corresponding physical block at PBA 115.

FIG. 12 shows the mechanism to save the entry in the defect/remap list,when the defect/remap list is written into the physical blockcorresponding to the logical block in the volume space. The file systeminstructs to write the data A, B and C into LBA 10, 11 and 12,respectively. In this example, the block at PBA 110 is a defective blockand is found during the verification. The data A to be written into LBA10 is stored in the cache until the other data is written with theverification. After that, the data A is written into the NWA at PBA 113and the defect/remap list, which has the entry to indicate the remappinginformation from PBA 110 to PBA 113, is written into the NWA at PBA 114.Thus, the drive apparatus can write the defect/remap list in the volumespace. Even if the file system instructs that data D is to be writteninto LBA 13, the data can be written logically to the logical block bythe pseudo-overwrite operation, as the data is written at PBA 115. Ifthe file system instructs that data E is to be written into the NWA, thedata is written without any additional entry.

Furthermore, the space management by the file system can be simplified,because the file system uses only NWA in each track to allocate the newarea for recording. This means the file system may not be checked in thespare area, and may not record the space bitmap, especially the MetadataBitmap.

The unit to remap the area may be an ECC block which comprises aplurality of physical sectors. When a physical sector is remapped, allof the physical sectors in the ECC block in which the physical sectorbelongs to are remapped. In this case, the original address andremapping address in the entry of the defect/remap list are specified bythe physical address of the start sector of each ECC block. As anaddressable unit, the physical block and the logical block may be thephysical sector and the logical sector. Even if one sector is newlywritten, one ECC block including the sector is written, then the NWA ismoved to the start sector of the next ECC block. Therefore, when severaldata are written, these data are allocated so that these data arewritten with the same ECC block.

By the present invention, the merits to use the Metadata Partition canbe provided for the use on the write-once disc. At first, the data to beoverwritten is remapped within the track for metadata writing, then theaccess to retrieve the metadata can be localized and the performance isimproved. As usual, the overwritten data is stored in the same track aslong as the track has unrecorded sectors. When the track is used up bydata recording, the overwritten data may be stored into the other track,as it is given the priority to write the data to the other unrecordedphysical block in the same track. Secondly, Metadata Mirror File can berecorded to improve the robustness, when an additional track for aMetadata Mirror File is assigned.

Herein, the potential for overwriting is estimated for the example casethat the capacity of the disc is 15 GB (=15×1024̂3 bytes), the ECC blockconsists of 32 sectors, and the sector size is 2 KB (=2×1024 bytes). Ifthe average size of the files recorded on the disc is 128 KB and 10files are stored in the directory on average, about 123,000 files and12,000 directories can be recorded on the disc. When the file systemclusters the file entries to be updated into an ECC block, about 4,200entries are needed in the remapping table. The size of the defect/remaplist becomes about 32 KB when the size of the entry is 8 bytes. When thedrive apparatus can handle 256 KB of the defect/remap list as themaximum size, 123,000 files and 12,000 directories is written randomly.Thus, this invention is also practical for the next generationwrite-once optical discs using blue laser technology.

For 4.3 GB DVD discs, about 35,000 files and 3,500 directories can berecorded, when the file size is 128 KB and 10 files per directory arerecorded. In such a case, the size of the defect/remap list becomesabout 19 KB, if each 16 file entries are clustered into an ECC block.Then, the drive apparatus can handle 64 KB of the defect/remap list asthe maximum size, 35,000 files and 3,500 directories is writtenrandomly.

An example applying the above idea to a new file system based on UDF andthe next generation write-once disc, even if the disc has no spare areain the Lead-in area and the Lead-out area is described. The presentinvention can be applied for not only HD DVD-R discs, but also DVD-Rdiscs and DVD+R disc.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of areas to explainthe above mentioned remapping. In this example, there is no DefectManagement Area (DMA) and no Temporary DMA (TDMA). It will help tosimplify the implementation of the drive apparatus, because theinterpretation of the entry is common for defect management and forpseudo-overwrite. When the entry specifies the remapping information,the entry in the defect/remap list indicates the correspondence betweenthe address of a block to be remapped and the address of a remappedblock.

The volume space comprises three tracks, in each of which the data isrecorded sequentially. The start address of the unrecorded area in thetrack is managed as Next Writable Address (NWA). The status of a trackis described by new terms: “Used” and “Reserved” in order to indicatethe data in these tracks can be overwritten and the data may be remappedwithin the reserved track. The used track means that all sectors in atrack have been used for data recording. The reserved track means thatthere is a sector(s), which has not been recorded. In other words, thedata can be incrementally written into the reserved track. Since thevolume structure has been previously recorded, Tracks #1 is a usedtrack. Track #2 is a reserved track assigned for metadata recording.Track #3 is a reserved track assigned for user data recording.

An exemplary procedure for updating Data-A file and recording Data-Bfile onto the write-once optical disc is described.

At first, the Metadata file FE is read to obtain the area allocated forthe Metadata file, wherein MA (Metadata file Address) indicates arelative address within a Metadata file.

When the file system updates the Data-A file, the file entry is read inthe memory and the file entry is updated in order to register theinformation to specify the location where the updated data will bewritten and the related information (e.g., size and updated time, etc)in the memory. The file system instructs the drive apparatus tooverwrite the data of Data-A file logically. Then the drive apparatusstores the data (Data-A′) physically to the NWA, as the correspondingphysical sector is already recorded and the drive apparatus adds theentry to the defect/remap list. If the file system instructs to writethe data to NWA after querying the drive apparatus, it is not requiredto add the entry in the defect list. In this invention, this manner tosave the entry is recommended, because the location of the data can beregistered in the file entry. However, when a part of the large file hasto be updated, the data to be updated may be overwritten instead ofwriting the whole data of the file. After the data is written on thedisc, the file system instructs to overwrite the file entry (Data-A′ FE)logically in order to specify the location of the written data and theupdated time. Then the drive apparatus writes the data physically intothe sector shown at MA #k+1 and stores the entry into the defect/remaplist.

When the file system newly records the Data-B file under the rootdirectory, the directory is read into the memory and the directory isupdated to add the new file (Data-B file) to this directory in thememory. Beforehand the file entry of the Data-B file is created in thememory, the data of Data-B file is written at the NWA in Track #3, andthen the file entry (Data-B FE) and the root directory in the memory arewritten from the NWA shown as MA #k+2 in Track #2. Whenever the data iswritten, the drive apparatus reads out the written data and checkswhether the data is written correctly. In this example, it is found thatthe sector at MA #k+2 is a defective sector. Then, the data of Data-B FEis written to the NWA at MA #k+4 and the entry to indicate thisremapping is added into the defect/remap/list in the memory. To specifythe new location of the root directory, the updated file entry for thedirectory is instructed to overwrite into MA #i and the data is writtenat the NWA shown as MA #k+5. Thus, only the file entry of the directoryamong metadata is overwritten to save the entry, and the other metadata(the file entry of the file and the directory) and the data of the fileare written without overwriting.

To indicate the integrity of the file structure, the updated LogicalVolume Integrity Descriptor is instructed to overwrite, and the data iswritten at the sector MA #k+6 in Track #2.

At last, the defect/remap list is written at the NWA at MA #k+7. Thedrive apparatus writes the defect/remap list, when the disc is ejectedor when the pre-determined time passed after some write commands areexecuted.

In the above pseudo-overwrite operation, the data to be overwritten isstored into the NWA in the reserved track in response to an instructionto write the data into an already recorded area. Similarly, the data tobe replaced by the defect management is also stored into the NWA in thereserved track.

FIGS. 14A and 14B are flowcharts illustrating a procedure to write thedata on a write-once optical disc. Hereinafter, the procedure to writethe data by the optical disc information recording/reproduction systemdescribed in FIG. 5 is explained.

When the file is updated, the file system will instruct to write thedata of the file so that the data is written without overwriting, andthe file system will create the file entry by updating the written fileentry and will instruct to write the file entry so that the file entryis overwritten.

When a new file is recorded under the directory, the file system createsthe file entry of the file and creates the directory and the file entryof the directory by updating the written directory and it's file entryin the memory and instructs to write the data of the file, the fileentry and the directory so that these data are written withoutoverwriting. Then the file system will instruct to write the file entryof the directory so that the file entry is overwritten.

FIG. 14A is the procedure by the file system performed in controller511. FIG. 14B is the procedure by the drive apparatus 520.

In step S1401, the system controller 510 receives the request from theuser. For example, the request is to replace Data-A file as new data orto copy Data-B file from the other media to under the root directory onthis disc. The data to be written is transferred to the memory 512 inthe system controller 510 and the destination to record the data isindicated by the pathname in the directory tree structure.

In step S1402, the file system instructs the drive apparatus to read thedata to retrieve the directory or file which is requested by user. Themetadata such as file entry and directory are read from Metadata File.

In step S1403, the file system queries NWA before it instructs the driveapparatus to write the data, because there is a possibility that thedrive apparatus will move the NWA.

In step S1404, in response to the user requests, the file system createsthe some of metadata so that the data amount to be overwritten isminimized by distinguishing the type of the data to be written. Asdescribed in the explanation for FIG. 13, in the case of a file beingupdated, the file system creates the file entry to specify the locationof the data to be written. This file entry is the data to beoverwritten. In the case of a new file being recorded under thedirectory, the file system creates the file entry of the new file andupdates the directory to register the new file and the file entry of thedirectory. The file entry of the directory is the data to be overwrittenand the other metadata is the data which can be written without beingoverwritten.

In step S1405, the file system instructs the drive apparatus to writethe data which is not needed to be overwritten from NWA.

In step S1406, the file system instructs the drive apparatus to writethe data so that the data is overwritten on the logical sector. In stepS1405 and S1406, the same write command can be used to instruct to writethe data, because the drive apparatus can judge whether the data shouldbe written with overwrite or without by checking the status of thelogical sector in step S1411.

In step S1411, the drive apparatus 520 receives the write command, whichspecifies at least a logical sector in which the data is to be written,from the controller 511 and checks whether the logical sector specifiedby the write command corresponds to a recorded physical sector or anunrecorded physical sector. In this check, the drive apparatus 520judges the state of the physical sector using the logical sector numberwhich is instructed to write by the controller 511. When the logicalsector number is smaller than the NWA, the physical sector is recorded,otherwise the physical sector is unrecorded. If the physical sector isunrecorded, the process proceeds to step S1412, other wise the processproceeds to step S1416.

In step S1412, the drive apparatus 520 writes the data to the unrecordedphysical sector which corresponds to the logical sector in advance.

In step S1413, the drive apparatus 520 reads out the data written in theprevious step and checks whether the data was written correctly as averification step. If the data was not written correctly, the procedureproceeds to step S1414, otherwise the procedure is ended.

In step S1414, the drive apparatus 520 writes the data into the NWA,which is not the unrecorded physical sector which the verification ofthe written data is not successful. The unrecorded physical sector isselected from the plurality of physical sectors corresponding to theplurality of logical sectors in the volume space.

In step S1415, the drive apparatus 520 creates the remapping tableincluding remapping information which remaps an original address of thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thewrite command to a remapping address of the selected physical sector,and stores the remapping information to the defect list/remapping tableon the write once disc. Later, the drive apparatus will write thedefect/remap list to the NWA.

In step S1416, the drive apparatus 520 writes the data into anunrecorded physical sector other than the recorded physical sector. Theunrecorded physical sector is selected from the plurality of physicalsectors corresponding to the plurality of logical sectors in the volumespace. When the data is remapped on an ECC block basis, the otherunrecorded physical sector is one of the sectors belonging to the ECCblock which is the next writable block. For example, in case the ECCblock consists of 32 sectors, the second sector in the ECC block isinstructed to be overwritten, the data is physically written into thesecond sector in the next writable ECC block. Thus the relative addresswithin the ECC block is kept for the remapped ECC block.

In step S1417, the drive apparatus 520 reads out the data written in theprevious step and checks whether the data was written correctly as averification step. If the data was not written correctly, the procedureproceeds to step S1418, otherwise the procedure proceeds to step S1419.

In step S1418, the drive apparatus 520 writes the data into anunrecorded physical sector other that the unrecorded physical sector inwhich the verification of the written data is not successful. Theunrecorded physical sector selected from the plurality of physicalsectors corresponding to the plurality of logical sectors in the volumespace.

In step S1419, the drive apparatus 520 creates the remapping tableincluding remapping information which remaps an original address of thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thewrite instruction to a remapping address of the selected physicalsector, and stores the remapping information to the defectlist/remapping table on the write-once disc. In the case the ECC blockconsists of 32 sectors, the original address is the start address of theECC block to which the original physical sector belongs and the remappedaddress is the start address of the ECC block to which the remappedphysical sector belongs. Later, the drive apparatus will write thedefect/remap list to the NWA.

When this invention is applied to the recording/reproduction system suchas a consumer video recorder or a consumer video player, the controller511 and the drive apparatus 520 may be controlled by the common microprocessor as shown in FIG. 15. In this case, the controller 511 may notquery the NWA to the drive apparatus, because the recording/reproductionsystem knows the NWA. At first, the NWA in each track is checked whenthe disc is loaded in the drive unit, then this system can manage theNWA after some data is written.

FIG. 15 shows an optical disc information recording/reproduction system1500 which is a part of a consumer video recorder or a consumer videoplayer. The information recording/reproduction system 1500 includes acontroller 1511, a memory 1212 and a drive mechanism 523 for reading andwriting information from and onto an optical disc. The controller 1511may be, for example, a semiconductor integrated circuit such as a CPU(Central Processing Unit) and performs the method described in theembodiments of the present inventions. Further, a program for causingthe controller 1511 to perform the method described in the embodimentsis stored in the memory 1512. In the controller 1511, a file system, autility program, or a device driver may be performed. The drivemechanism 523 may be controlled by the controller 1511.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure to write the data on awrite-once optical disc by the recording/reproduction system explainedin FIG. 15.

In step S1601, the controller 1511 receives the request from the user.For example, the request is to replace Data-A file as new data or tocopy Data-B file form the other media to the root directory on thisdisc. The data to be written is transferred to the memory 1512 and thedestination to record the data is indicated by the pathname in thedirectory tree structure.

In step S1602, the controller 1511 reads the data to retrieve thedirectory or file which is requested by the user. The metadata such asfile entry and directory are read from the Metadata File.

In step S1603, the file system gets the NWA before writing the data.

In step S1604, in response to the user requests, the controller 1511creates some of the metadata so that the data amount to be overwrittenis minimized by distinguishing the type of the data to be written. Asdescribed in the explanation for FIG. 13, in the case that a file isupdated, the file system creates the file entry to specify the locationof the data to be written. This file entry is the data to beoverwritten. In the case of a new file is recorded under the directory,the file system creates the file entry of the new file and updates thedirectory to register the new file and the file entry of the directory.The file entry of the directory is the data to be overwritten and theother data is the data which can be written without being overwritten.The data type is distinguished as type I: no need to be overwritten andtype II: needs to be overwritten.

In step S1605, the controller 1511 instructs to write the type I datainto the logical sector from the NWA. The procedure then proceeds tostep S1611 which is the operation to write the data of type I.

In step S1606, the controller 1511 instructs to write the type II datainto the logical sector. The procedure then proceeds to step S1621 toperform the operation to overwrite the data in the logical sector. Thewrite command instructed to write the data may be different for type Iand II.

In step S1611, the data is written to the physical sector whichcorresponds to the logical sector specified by the first write command.

In step S1612, the drive mechanism 523 reads out the data written in theprevious step and checks whether the data was written correctly as averification step. If the data was not written correctly, the procedureproceeds to step S1613, otherwise the procedure proceeds to step S1606as the step S1605 is done.

In step S1613, the drive mechanism 523 writes the data into theunrecorded physical sector, especially to the NWA, which is not thephysical sector in which verification of the written data is notsuccessful. The unrecorded physical is selected form the plurality ofphysical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logical sectors inthe volume space.

In step S1614, the drive mechanism 523 creates the remapping tableincluding remapping information which remaps an original address of thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thefirst write command to a remapping address of the selected physicalsector and stores the remapping information to the defect list/remappingtable. Later, the drive apparatus will write the defect/remap list tothe NWA.

In step S1621, the data is logically overwritten in the logical sectorand physically written into the other unrecorded physical sector,especially to the NWA. The unrecorded sector is selected from theplurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logicalsectors in the volume space.

In step S1622, the drive mechanism 523 reads out the data written in theprevious step and checks whether the data was written correctly as averification step. If the data was not written correctly the procedureproceeds to step S1623, otherwise the procedure proceeds to step S1624.

In step S1623, the drive mechanism 523 writes the data to the unrecordedphysical sector other than the physical sector in which the verificationof the written data is not successful. The unrecorded physical sector isselected from the plurality of physical sectors corresponding to theplurality of logical sectors in the volume space.

In step S1624, the drive mechanism 523 creates the remapping tableincluding remapping information which remaps an original address of thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thesecond write command to a remapping address of the selected physicalsector, and stores the remapping information to the defectlist/remapping table on the write-once disc.

The reproduction procedure from the write-once disc on which disc thedata is written using the above explained methods of FIGS. 14A, 14B and16 is explained hereinafter. FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating aprocedure to read the data from a write-once optical disc by therecording/reproduction system explained in FIGS. 5 and 15. Wherein, therecording/reproduction system receives a read instruction whichspecifies at least a logical sector from which data is to be read.

In step S1701, the original addresses of all entries stored in theremapping table are searched. As the logical sector number to be read isinstructed, the physical sector number which corresponds to the logicalsector in advance is used to search the entry which indicates thephysical sector is remapped. When the remapping is performed on an ECCblock basis, the start address of the ECC block is registered in theentry. In this case, it is checked whether the physical sector numberbelongs to the remapped ECC block or not. This operation may be done bya drive apparatus in case of an Information recording/reproductionsystem as described in FIG. 5.

In step S1702, if the entry is found, the procedure goes to step S1703,other the procedure goes to step S1704.

In step S1703, the original address of the physical sector is replacedwith the remapping address of the physical sector, which is indicated inthe found entry. If the entry is not found in step S1702, then theaddress to be read is determined as the address of the physical sectorcorresponding to the logical sector specified by the read instruction.If the entry is found in S1702, then the address to be read isdetermined as the remapping address corresponding to the originaladdress found in the remapping table.

In step S1704, the data is read at the determined address.

As explained above, when the address is not found, the data is read fromthe physical sector corresponding to the logical sector in advance,because the remapping table shows the data stored in the logical sectoris not remapped to the other physical sector.

When the address is found, the data is read from the physical sectorspecified by the remapping address in the found remapping information,because the entry found in the remapping table shows the data stored inthe logical sector is remapped.

If the data is remapped within the volume space, especially to the NWAin the track rather than into the spare area, the data can be read outmore quickly.

A read-only drive for DVD discs and CD discs requires that the area tobe read out must be recorded continuously. This is because the opticalpick-up in the read-only drive apparatus may not be able to access thearea if there is an unrecorded area in the area. Hereinafter, a methodis described so that such a read-only drive can read thepseudo-overwritable discs.

FIGS. 18A and 18B are diagrams illustrating the area on the write-oncedisc, and show the operation by the drive apparatus to be in theread-only drive readable state. In FIG. 18A, there are two reservedstate tracks; track #i and #i+1. When the disc is closed, the unrecordedarea in the reserved state tracks, except for the last reserved statetrack, is recorded, and the last track is reduced until the end of therecorded area. The closed state is described in FIG. 18B. In track #i,invalid data (e.g., dummy data) is recorded into the unrecorded area andthe track #i becomes a used state. In the last track #i+1, thedefect/remap list is recorded at NWA, as the defect/remap list has to beread by not only the recordable drive, but also the read-only drive. Thedefect/remap list may be recorded more than one time for robustness, andmay also be recorded in the unrecorded area in track #i.

FIGS. 19A and 19B are diagrams illustrating the area on the write-oncedisc and show the operation by the drive apparatus to record a Lead-inarea and a Lead-out area. In case of Multi-border, the Lead-in area is aBorder-in area, and the Lead-out area is a Border-out area. When thedisc is recorded using multi-session, the read-only drive requires theLead-in area and the Lead-out area for each session. When the opticalpick-up in the read-only drive accesses the last address of the lasttrack, the predetermined size of the recorded area is placed after thelast address to prevent the optical pick-up over-run. The location ofthe defect/remap list is pointed to by the information stored in DMA.For the read-only drive, a specific area is assigned within the Lead-inarea and/or the Lead-out area each session, and the location ofdefect/remap list is stored in the specific area. As shown in FIG. 19A,in the first session the Lead-in area, track #1 and #2, and the Lead-outarea are recorded, because the second session track #3 and #4 arereserved. As shown in FIG. 19B, when the disc is closed, the unrecordedarea in the track #3, the Lead-in area and the Lead-out area arerecorded. In this example, the defect/remap list is stored within theLead-in area to save the area in track #4. The defect/remap list may bestored in the Lead-out area.

FIGS. 20A and 20B are diagrams illustrating the area on the write-oncedisc, and show the operation to record 2nd and 3rd Anchor VolumeDescriptor Pointers. ECMA 167 standard requires Anchor Volume DescriptorPointers (hereinafter called AVDP) to be recorded in at least twolocations of three; LSN 256, last LSN-256 and last LSN. In the case thatAVDP is recorded at last LSN-256 or last LSN, if a user requires toclose the disc, all of the unrecorded areas in the volume space has tobe recorded for the read-only drive's readable state. After that, anyadditional user data cannot be recorded on the disc.

To solve this problem, AVDPs located at last LSN-256 and last LSN areremapped within the reserved track, for example these AVDPs are remappedwithin the track reserved to write the volume structure. By thisremapping, the end portion of the volume space can be kept in anunrecorded state. Therefore, even if the disc is closed, the disc can bereopened to write the additional data.

As shown in FIG. 20A, at the time of formatting, volume structure isrecorded at the first reserved track and the last reserved track.Wherein as main and reserved volume descriptor sequences may be recordedin the first track, at least one AVDP has to be recorded in the lasttrack. When the pseudo-overwrite method is applied for this disc, atleast two tracks are reserved for metadata recording and user datarecording. The user data of the file is recorded in the user data track,and the metadata including directories and file entries are recorded inmetadata track. When a user requires to close the disc so as to be in aread-only drive readable state, all of the unrecorded areas have to berecorded, because the last LSN was recorded physically.

As shown in FIG. 20B, such a problem will be avoided by usingpseudo-overwrite. When the volume structure is recorded, the file systemissues a write command to last LSN-256 and last LSN to write AVDPs. Asthis write command is issued at the last part of the track, not the NWA,the drive apparatus remaps the data to the NWA in the same track or theother track. In the case shown in FIG. 20B, the data is recorded in thetrack for volume structure. To apply this method, the read-only drivecan access to last LSN-256 or last LSN, because these data are recordedin the inner area on physical space. Using this method, not only thelast part of volume space, but any other part of volume space, can alsobe recorded on sequential recording media. As shown in this figure,“DATA” can also be remapped to the NWA.

As described in the above embodiments, this invention can be applied tothe drive apparatus on the assumption that the file system minimizes thedata amount to be overwritten and the file system instructs to write thedata to unrecorded sector by querying the drive apparatus, when the datais written without being overwritten.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention is useful to provide a recording method andapparatus for a write-once disc using a logical overwritable mechanism,a reproduction method and apparatus, and a semiconductor integratedcircuit for use in the recording apparatus or the reproductionapparatus.

1. A recording method for writing data on a write-once disc, thewrite-once disc having a plurality of physical sectors, the write-oncedisc including a volume space having a plurality of logical sectors,each of the plurality of logical sectors corresponding to one of theplurality of physical sectors, the recording method comprising the stepsof: (a) receiving a write instruction which specifies at least a logicalsector in which data is to be written; (b) determining whether thelogical sector specified by the write instruction corresponds to arecorded physical sector or an unrecorded physical sector; (c) when itis determined that the logical sector specified by the write instructioncorresponds to an unrecorded physical sector, (c1) writing the data intothe unrecorded physical sector, (c2) determining whether a verificationof the data which has been written into a physical sector is successful,(c3) when it is determined that the verification of the data that hasbeen written is not successful, (c31) writing the data into anunrecorded physical sector other than the physical sector in which theverification of the written data is not successful, the unrecordedphysical sector being selected from the plurality of physical sectorscorresponding to the plurality of logical sectors in the volume space,(c32) generating a remapping table including remapping information whichremaps an original address of the physical sector corresponding to thelogical sector specified by the write instruction to a remapping addressof the selected physical sector, and (c33) writing the remapping tableon the write-once disc; and (d) when it is determined that the logicalsector specified by the write instruction corresponds to a recordedphysical sector, (d1) writing the data into an unrecorded physicalsector other than the recorded physical sector, the unrecorded physicalsector being selected from the plurality of physical sectorscorresponding to the plurality of logical sectors in the volume space,(d2) determining whether a verification of the data which has beenwritten into a physical sector is successful, (d3) when it is determinedthat the verification of the data that has been written is notsuccessful, (d31) writing the data into an unrecorded physical sectorother than the physical sector in which the verification of the writtendata is not successful, the unrecorded physical sector being selectedfrom the plurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality oflogical sectors in the volume space, (d32) generating a remapping tableincluding remapping information which remaps an original address of thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thewrite instruction to a remapping address of the selected physicalsector, and (d33) writing the remapping table on the write-once disc. 2.A recording method according to claim 1, wherein: the data is writtensequentially in a track assigned on the write-once disc, the trackhaving a plurality of physical sectors, and the selected unrecordedphysical sector is a physical sector designated by a next writableaddress within a track.
 3. A recording method according to claim 2,further comprising the steps of: receiving a query for the next writableaddress within a track; and providing information indicating the nextwritable address within a track in response to the query.
 4. A recordingmethod according to claim 1, wherein: the remapping table is included inat least a part of a defect list which describes at least one defectivephysical sector.
 5. A recording method according to claim 4, wherein:the defect list is written into an unrecorded physical sectorcorresponding to a logical sector in the volume space.
 6. A recordingmethod according to claim 1, further comprising the step of allocatingat least one of a border-in area and a border-out area in the volumespace, and wherein the defect list is written into the at least one ofthe border-in area and the border-out area allocated in the volumespace.
 7. A recording apparatus for writing data on a write-once disc,the write-once disc having a plurality of physical sectors, thewrite-once disc including a volume space having a plurality of logicalsectors, each of the plurality of logical sectors corresponding to oneof the plurality of physical sectors, the recording apparatuscomprising: a drive mechanism for performing a recording operation forthe write-once disc; and a drive control section for controlling thedrive mechanism; wherein: the drive control section is operable to: (a)receive a write instruction which specifies at least a logical sector inwhich data is to be written; and (b) determine whether the logicalsector specified by the write instruction corresponds to a recordedphysical sector or an unrecorded physical sector; (c) when it isdetermined that the logical sector specified by the write instructioncorresponds to an unrecorded physical sector, the drive control sectioncontrols the drive mechanism to: (c1) write the data into the unrecordedphysical sector, and (c2) determine whether a verification of the datawhich has been written into a physical sector is successful, (c3) whenit is determined that the verification of the data that has been writtenis not successful, the drive control section controls the drivemechanism to: (c31) write the data into an unrecorded physical sectorother than the physical sector in which the verification of the writtendata is not successful, the unrecorded physical sector being selectedfrom the plurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality oflogical sectors in the volume space, (c32) generate a remapping tableincluding remapping information which remaps an original address of thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thewrite instruction to a remapping address of the selected physicalsector, and (c33) write the remapping table on the write-once disc; and(d) when it is determined that the logical sector specified by the writeinstruction corresponds to a recorded physical sector, the drive controlsection controls the drive mechanism to: (d1) write the data into anunrecorded physical sector other than the recorded physical sector, theunrecorded physical sector being selected from the plurality of physicalsectors corresponding to the plurality of logical sectors in the volumespace, and (d2) determine whether a verification of the data which hasbeen written into a physical sector is successful, (d3) when it isdetermined that the verification of the data that has been written isnot successful, the drive control section controls the drive mechanismto: (d31) write the data into an unrecorded physical sector other thanthe physical sector in which the verification of the written data is notsuccessful, the unrecorded physical sector being selected from theplurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logicalsectors in the volume space, (d32) generate a remapping table includingremapping information which remaps an original address of the physicalsector corresponding to the logical sector specified by the writeinstruction to a remapping address of the selected physical sector, and(d33) write the remapping table on the write-once disc.
 8. Asemiconductor integrated circuit for use in a recording apparatus forwriting data on a write-once disc, the write-once disc having aplurality of physical sectors, the write-once disc including a volumespace having a plurality of logical sectors, each of the plurality oflogical sectors corresponding to one of the plurality of physicalsectors, the semiconductor integrated circuit is configured to control adrive mechanism for performing a recording operation for the write-oncedisc, the semiconductor integrated circuit is operable to: (a) receive awrite instruction which specifies at least a logical sector in whichdata is to be written; and (b) determines whether the logical sectorspecified by the write instruction corresponds to a recorded physicalsector or an unrecorded physical sector; (c) when it is determined thatthe logical sector specified by the write instruction corresponds to anunrecorded physical sector, the semiconductor integrated circuitcontrols the drive mechanism to: (c1) write the data into the unrecordedphysical sector, (c2) determine whether a verification of the data whichhas been written into a physical sector is successful, (c3) when it isdetermined that the verification of the data that has been written isnot successful, the semiconductor integrated circuit controls the drivemechanism to: (c31) write the data into an unrecorded physical sectorother than the physical sector in which the verification of the writtendata is not successful, the unrecorded physical sector being selectedfrom the plurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality oflogical sectors in the volume space, (c32) generate a remapping tableincluding remapping information which remaps an original address of thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thewrite instruction to a remapping address of the selected physicalsector, and (c33) write the remapping table on the write-once disc; and(d) when it is determined that the logical sector specified by the writeinstruction corresponds to a recorded physical sector, the semiconductorintegrated circuit controls the drive mechanism to: (d1) write the datainto an unrecorded physical sector other than the recorded physicalsector, the unrecorded physical sector being selected from the pluralityof physical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logical sectors inthe volume space, and (d2) determine whether a verification of the datawhich has been written into a physical sector is successful, (d3) whenit is determined that the verification of the data that has been writtenis not successful, the semiconductor integrated circuit controls thedrive mechanism to, (d31) write the data into an unrecorded physicalsector other than the physical sector in which the verification of thewritten data is not successful, the unrecorded physical sector beingselected from the plurality of physical sectors corresponding to theplurality of logical sectors in the volume space, (d32) generate aremapping table including remapping information which remaps an originaladdress of the physical sector corresponding to the logical sectorspecified by the write instruction to a remapping address of theselected physical sector, and (d33) write the remapping table on thewrite-once disc.
 9. A recording method for writing data on a write-oncedisc, the write-once disc having a plurality of physical sectors, thewrite-once disc including a volume space having a plurality of logicalsectors, each of the plurality of logical sectors corresponding to oneof the plurality of physical sectors, the recording method comprisingthe steps of: (a) in response to a first write instruction whichspecifies at least a logical sector in which data is to be written, (a1)writing the data into the physical sector corresponding to the logicalsector specified by the first write instruction, (a2) determiningwhether a verification of the data which has been written into aphysical sector is successful, (a3) when it is determined that theverification of the data that has been written is not successful, (a31)writing the data into an unrecorded physical sector other than thephysical sector in which the verification of the written data is notsuccessful, the unrecorded physical sector being selected from theplurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logicalsectors in the volume space, (a32) generating a remapping tableincluding remapping information which remaps an original address of thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thefirst write instruction to a remapping address of the selected physicalsector, and (a33) writing the remapping table on the write-once disc;and (b) in response to a second write instruction which specifies atleast a logical sector in which data is to be written, (b1) writing thedata into an unrecorded physical sector other than the physical sectorcorresponding to the logical sector specified by the second writeinstruction, the unrecorded physical sector being selected from theplurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logicalsectors in the volume space, (b2) determining whether a verification ofthe data which has been written into a physical sector is successful,(b3) when it is determined that the verification of the data that hasbeen written is not successful, (b31) writing the data into anunrecorded physical sector other than the physical sector in which theverification of the written data is not successful, the unrecordedphysical sector being selected from the plurality of physical sectorscorresponding to the plurality of logical sectors in the volume space,(b32) generating a remapping table including remapping information whichremaps an original address of the physical sector corresponding to thelogical sector specified by the second write instruction to a remappingaddress of the selected physical sector, and (b33) writing the remappingtable on the write-once disc.
 10. A recording apparatus for writing dataon a write-once disc, the write-once disc having a plurality of physicalsectors, the write-once disc including a volume space having a pluralityof logical sectors, each of the plurality of logical sectorscorresponding to one of the plurality of physical sectors, the recordingapparatus comprising: a drive mechanism for performing a recordingoperation for the write-once disc; and a drive control section forcontrolling the drive mechanism; wherein: the drive control section isoperable to: (a) in response to a first write instruction whichspecifies at least a logical sector in which data is to be written, thedrive control section controls the drive mechanism to: (a1) write thedata into the physical sector corresponding to the logical sectorspecified by the first write instruction, and (a2) determine whether averification of the data which has been written into a physical sectoris successful, (a3) when it is determined that the verification of thedata that has been written is not successful, the drive control sectioncontrols the drive mechanism to: (a31) write the data into an unrecordedphysical sector other than the physical sector in which the verificationof the written data is not successful, the unrecorded physical sectorbeing selected from the plurality of physical sectors corresponding tothe plurality of logical sectors in the volume space, (a32) generate aremapping table including remapping information which remaps an originaladdress of the physical sector corresponding to the logical sectorspecified by the first write instruction to a remapping address of theselected physical sector, and (a33) write the remapping table on thewrite-once disc; and (b) in response to a second write instruction whichspecifies at least a logical sector in which data is to be written, thedrive control section controls the drive mechanism to: (b1) write thedata into an unrecorded physical sector other than the physical sectorcorresponding to the logical sector specified by the second writeinstruction, the unrecorded physical sector being selected from theplurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality of logicalsectors in the volume space, and (b2) determine whether a verificationof the data which has been written into a physical sector is successful,(b3) when it is determined that the verification of the data has beenwritten is not successful, the drive control section controls the drivemechanism to: (b31) write the data into an unrecorded physical sectorother than the physical sector in which the verification of the writtendata is not successful, the unrecorded physical sector being selectedfrom the plurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality oflogical sectors in the volume space, (b32) generate a remapping tableincluding remapping information which remaps an original address of thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thesecond write instruction to a remapping address of the selected physicalsector, and (b33) write the remapping table on the write-once disc. 11.A semiconductor integrated circuit for use in a recording apparatus forwriting data on a write-once disc, the write-once disc having aplurality of physical sectors, the write-once disc including a volumespace having a plurality of logical sectors, each of the plurality oflogical sectors corresponding to one of the plurality of physicalsectors, the semiconductor integrated circuit is configured to control adrive mechanism for performing a recording operation for the write-oncedisc, the semiconductor integrated circuit is operable to: (a) inresponse to a first write instruction which specifies at least a logicalsector in which data is to be written, the semiconductor integratedcircuit controls the drive mechanism to: (a1) write the data into thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thefirst write instruction, and (a2) determine whether a verification ofthe data which has been written into a physical sector is successful,(a3) when it is determined that the verification of the data has beenwritten is not successful, the semiconductor integrated circuit controlsthe drive mechanism to: (a31) write the data into an unrecorded physicalsector other than the physical sector in which the verification of thewritten data is not successful, the unrecorded physical sector beingselected from the plurality of physical sectors corresponding to theplurality of logical sectors in the volume space, (a32) generating aremapping table including remapping information which remaps an originaladdress of the physical sector corresponding to the logical sectorspecified by the first write instruction to a remapping address of theselected physical sector, and (a33) writing the remapping table on thewrite-once disc; and (b) in response to a second write instruction whichspecifies at least a logical sector in which data is to be written, thesemiconductor integrated circuit controls the drive mechanism to: (b1)write the data into an unrecorded physical sector other than thephysical sector corresponding to the logical sector specified by thesecond write instruction, the unrecorded physical sector being selectedfrom the plurality of physical sectors corresponding to the plurality oflogical sectors in the volume space, and (b2) determine whether averification of the data which has been written into a physical sectoris successful, (b3) when it is determined that the verification of thedata has been written is not successful, the semiconductor integratedcircuit controls the drive mechanism to: (b31) write the data into anunrecorded physical sector other than the physical sector in which theverification of the written data is not successful, the unrecordedphysical sector being selected from the plurality of physical sectorscorresponding to the plurality of logical sectors in the volume space,(b32) generate a remapping table including remapping information whichremaps an original address of the physical sector corresponding to thelogical sector specified by the second write instruction to a remappingaddress of the selected physical sector, and (b33) write the remappingtable on the write-once disc.